Note for GAP_P4
![](images/image.png)
Description for GAP_P4
Seismic tomography model
Color Scale
- P-wave (Download colorbar (eps))
Seismic tomography model: GAP_P4 (velocity perturbation of P-wave), Obayashi M. et al., Finite frequency whole mantle P-wave tomography: Improvement of subducted slab, Geophys. Res. Lett., (2013), Fukao Y., M. Obayashi, Subducted slabs stagnant above, penetrating through and trapped below the 660-km discontinuity. J. Geophys. Res., (2013)
The horizontal resolusion is reduced from the original 576 x 288 (longitude x latitude) to 288 x 144.
![](../colorbar/p-wave.png)
IsoDepth Texture Map
P-wave velocity map (depth): 29-51 km, 51-78 km, 78-110 km, 110-148 km, 148-190 km, 190-238 km, 238-290 km, 290-348 km, 348-410 km, 410-478 km, 478-551 km, 551-629 km, 629-712 km, 712-800 km, 800-893 km, 893-991 km, 991-1095 km, 1095-1203 km, 1203-1317 km, 1317-1435 km, 1435-1559 km, 1559-1688 km, 1688-1821 km, 1821-1960 km, 1960-2104 km, 2104-2253 km, 2253-2407 km, 2407-2566 km, 2566-2891 km,
Description for the Earth's surface data
Topography: ETOPO1
Moho depth: CRUST1.0
Depth of lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary: LITHO1.0 (Tessellation level 7)
Formation time of ocean floor: Agegrid (Earth Byte)
Terrestrial heat flow
Geoid height: EGM2008
Free-air and Bouguer gravity anomalies: WGM2012
Amante, C; Eakins, B W (2009): ETOPO1, Global Relief Model converted to PanMap layer format. NOAA-National Geophysical Data Center, PANGAEA, doi:10.1594/PANGAEA.769615 (Download colorbar (eps), texture (jpg))
![](../colorbar/topography.png)
Laske, G., Masters., G., Ma, Z. and Pasyanos, M., Update on CRUST1.0 - A 1-degree Global Model of Earth's Crust, Geophys. Res. Abstracts, 15, Abstract EGU2013-2658, 2013 (Download colorbar (eps), texture (jpg))
![](../colorbar/moho.png)
Pasyanos, M.E., T.G. Masters, G. Laske, and Z. Ma (2014). LITHO1.0: An updated crust and lithospheric model of the Earth, J. Geophys. Res., 119 (3), 2153-2173, DOI: 10.1002/2013JB010626 (Download colorbar (eps), texture (jpg))
![](../colorbar/l-a_depth.png)
Müller, R.D., M. Sdrolias, C. Gaina, and W.R. Roest 2008. Age, spreading rates and spreading symmetry of the world's ocean crust, Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 9, Q04006, doi:10.1029/2007GC001743 (Download colorbar (eps), texture (jpg))
![](../colorbar/agegrid.png)
Goutorbe, B., J. Poort, F. Lucazeau, and S. Raillard (2011), Global heat flow trends resolved from multiple geological and geophysical proxies, Geophys. J. Int., 187, 1405–1419 (Download colorbar (eps), texture (jpg))
![](../colorbar/heatflow.png)
Nikolaos K. Pavlis, Simon A. Holmes, Steve C. Kenyon, John K. Factor, The development and evaluation of the Earth Gravitational Model 2008 (EGM2008), Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 117, B4, 2012 (Download colorbar (eps), texture (jpg))
![](../colorbar/geoid.png)
Balmino, G., Vales, N., Bonvalot, S. and Briais, A., 2011. Spherical harmonic modeling to ultra-high degree of Bouguer and isostatic anomalies. Journal of Geodesy. DOI 10.1007/s00190-011-0533-4 (Download colorbar (eps), texture (jpg) for Free-air anomaly. colorbar (eps), texture (jpg) for Bouguer anomaly)
![](../colorbar/freeair.png)
for Free-air anomaly.
![](../colorbar/bouguer.png)
for Bouguer anomaly.
Map Creation
All the isodepth maps are created by Generic Mapping Tool (GMT) except for an image with cloud.
GMT: Wessel,P. and W.H.F.Smith, New, improved version of Generic Mapping Tools released, EOS Trans. Amer. Geophys. U., vol.79 (47), pp.579, 1998
Image with cloud: Tom Patterson, www.shadedrelief.com